AXIOLOGY OF CULTURAL “TEXT”: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN THE PRISM OF CIVILIZATIONAL IDENTITY

Annotation

The article presents the main methodological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of cultural text (A. van Gennep, K. Levi-Strauss, E. Cassirer, M. Bakhtin, I. Kondakov, etc.). The topic of the nature of humanitarian knowledge and the possibility of forming an “evidence base” in the sphere of culture are separately touched upon. The issue of “justifying the sciences of the spirit” has taken an important place in the search for a methodology capable of recording in some form what culture leaves beyond material manifestations (W. Dilthey, G. Rickert). In the context of systemic approaches, implying consideration of structural-linguistic and philosophical approaches, as well as the whole diversity of description and interpretation of empirical phenomena of material and non-material culture, a special place is occupied by structural-typological methodology (Yu. M. Lotman, V. N. Toporov, etc.). The basis of this methodology is the understanding of a work of art as a text in a semiotic aspect, and a text as a multi-level system. The axiological aspect of interpreting cultural phenomena acquires special significance in the modern situation, when the erosion of cultural and social certainty threatens the identity of the individual and society. An appeal to the civilizational discourse of the Russian tradition of reflection (A. S. Khomyakov, I. V. Kireevsky, etc.) allows us to talk about the metaphysical foundations of cultural and civilizational identity, which substantiates the uniqueness of each culture.

Keywords

culture, civilization, methodology, values, tradition, cultural text, identity

Literature

1. Bahtin, M. M. Voprosy literatury i estetiki [Questions of literature and aesthetics]. M.: Hudozhestvennaja literatura, 1975. 502 s. (In Russian). 2. Gennep, A., van. Obryady perekhoda. Sistematicheskoe izuchenie obryadov [Rites of passage]. M.: Vostochnaja literatura, 1999. 198 s. (In Russian). 3. Dil’tej, V. Vvedenie v nauki o duhe [Introduction to the Spiritual Sciences]. In: Zarubezhnaja estetika i teoriya literatury XIX—XX vv. Traktaty, stat’i, esse. M.: MGU, 1987. C. 108– 134. (In Russian). 4. Kassirer, E. Opyt o cheloveke: Vvedenie v filosofiju chelovecheskoj kul’tury [Experience about Man: Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Culture]. In: Problema cheloveka v zapadnoj filosofii. M.: Progress, 1988. C. 3–30. (In Russian). 5. Kondakov, I. V. Arhitektonika russkoj kul’tury [Architectonics of Russian culture]. In: Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’. 1999. No. 1. S. 159–172. (In Russian). 6. Levi-Stross, K. Strukturnaja antropologija [Structural anthropology]. M.: EKSMO-Press, 2001. 512 s. (In Russian). 7. Rikkert, G. Nauki o prirode i nauki o kul’ture [Natural Sciences and Cultural Sciences]. M., Respublika, 1998. 413 s. (In Russian). 8. Terner, V. U. Simvol i ritual [Symbol and ritual]. M.: GRVL. 1983. 278 s. (In Russian). 9. Shelling, F. V. J. [Philosophy of Revelation]. SPb.: Nauka, 2000. T. 1. 699 s. (In Russian). 10. Shelling, F. V. J. Filosofija Otkrovenija [Philosophy of Revelation]. SPb.: Nauka, 2000. T. 2. 480 s. (In Russian).