POLITICAL THEOLOGY IN RUSSIA (L. A. TIKHOMIROV AND V. S. SOLOVYOV)

Annotation

The article analyzes the concept of «political theology». This concept entered the language of jurisprudence and socio- political sciences thanks to Karl Schmitt («Political Theology», 1922). In his works, the German theorist pointed out the genetic and semantic connection that exists between theological and political- legal attitudes. Within the framework of Russian philosophical thought, the concept we are interested in was used in the XIX century by Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin. One of the founders of anarchism considered politics and theology as the most important instruments of human enslavement. In his works, he demanded the total overthrow of the state and religion. The author of the presented article pays special attention to the two most detailed versions of political theology in Russia in the second half of the XIX — early XX century. We are talking about the concepts of Lev Alexandrovich Tikhomirov and Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov. In the context of the era under consideration, these concepts should be interpreted as alternative. They are conservative and liberal versions of political theology. The specific features of these concepts are analyzed, the main points of divergence between them are identified. Special attention is paid to the understanding of chiliasm by both thinkers — the doctrine of the Millennial kingdom of God on earth. This teaching has had both its religious and secular versions in history. The latter became widespread in the spiritual situation of the XIX century. The author examines the refraction of chiliastic attitudes in the teachings of V. S. Solovyov, as well as the radical criticism of chiliasm in the philosophical- historical and socio- political concept of L. A. Tikhomirov.

Keywords

political theology, Orthodoxy, Catholicism, chiliasm, conservatism, liberalism

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«Исследование выполнено за счет внутреннего гранта РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена (проект
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