Philosophical and axiological origins of psychoanalytic discourse
Annotation
The article shows the history of the formation of psychoanalytic discourse in the context of cultural and anthropological processes of our time, as well as as a vector of “critical humanism”. The teachings of S. Freud are a kind of “Copernican revolution” of modern times, which forced us to reconsider not only the image of man, but also all fundamental values and institutions. However, psychoanalysis does not arise as a unique phenomenon: it is preceded by the development of the ideas of philosophical existentialism (Kirkegaard) and the philosophy of will (Nietzsche, Schopenhauer), as well as the crisis of the classical description of man and the world. Personal identity in the modern era becomes a project, uncertainty, whereas in classical models it was predetermined by the social environment and cultural context. In this sense, psychoanalysis appears as the “theory and practice” of a new desire for private existence and the search for identity.<br>
Keywords
Psychoanalysis, formation, psyche, man, culture, philosophy.
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