The ontological poetics of Friedrich Gölderlin in the dimension of the christian trinity

Annotation

For two centuries, Friedrich Hölderlin’s work has been an inexhaustible source of philosophical thought, fr om Hegel and Schelling to Heidegger and Agamben. As Heidegger described him as “the poet of poets”, Hölderlin’s philosophical and poetic statements have set the standard for poetic transcendence of existence. With a competence that is sophisticated in the full range of philosophical ideas and concepts from Plato to Kant, Hölderlin formulated the methodological principle of the separation of being and judgment. The study focuses on the fact that the poet’s thesis, expressed in the essay of the same name, captures the counterpoint between the immanent syntax of judgment and the transcendent structure of poeticization, which is exemplified in the poem “When I Was a Child…”. By engaging in a polemic with Kant’s and Hegel’s logical substantialism, Hölderlin anticipated the large- scale turn towards language in the humanities, which became known as the “linguistic turn”. The study concludes that Hölderlin’s transcendental transposition in poetics originates from the trinity of the Christian God. Hölderlin’s poetic method ontologically transforms the transcendent structure of the Trinity, wh ere the poles of the image that redemptively metaphorizes the real predicate (the second aspect of the Trinity) and the spiritual experience that eucharistically metonymizes the ideal subject (the third aspect of the Trinity) achieve harmony in the “ethereal” embrace of the name of God (the first aspect of the Trinity).

Keywords

being, judgment, Hölderlin, Hegel, poetics, syntax, trinity, image, spirit, name of God

Literature

1. Aristotle. Sochineniya v 4 tomach. Тom 1 [Works in 4 vol. Vol. 1]. Moskow, Mysl
Publ., 1976. 800 p. (in Russian). 2. Bahtin, M. M. K voprosam metodologii ehstetiki slovesnogo tvorchestva [On the methodology of the aesthetics of verbal creativity]. In: Sobranie sochinenij. Tom 1 [Collected works in 7 vols. Vol. 1]. Moskow, Yazyki slavyanskoj kul’tury Publ., 2002, pр. 265–325 (in Russian). 3. Bahtin, M. M. Problemy tvorchestva Dostoevskogo [Problems of Dostoevsky’s creativity]. In: Sobranie sochinenij v 7 tomach. Тom 2 [Collected works in 7 vols. Vol. 2]. Moskow, Yazyki slavyanskoj kul’tury Publ., 2000, pр. 5–175 (in Russian). 4. Bulgakov, S. N. Filosofiya imeni [The philosophy of the name]. Paris, YMCA-Press, 1953. 279 p. (in Russian). 5. Vol`skij, A. L. M. Xajdegger: germenevtika kak poe`ziya [M. Heidegger: Hermeneutics as Poetry]. In: Izvestiya Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta imeni A. I. Gercena. Saint Peterburg, 2007, no. 46, pр. 94–107 (in Russian). 6. Vol`skij, A. L. Fridrix Gyol`derlin: poe`ziya kak germenevtika [M. Heidegger: Hermeneutics as Poetry]. In: Izvestiya Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta imeni A. I. Gercena. Saint Peterburg, 2008, no. 72, pр. 144–156 (in Russian). 7. Gvardini, R. Gyol`derlin. Kartina mira i bogovdoxnovennost` [Hölderlin. The Picture of the World and Inspiration]. Saint Peterburg, Nauka Publ., 2015, 496 p. (in Russian). 8. Hegel, G. V. F. Fenomenologiya duha [Phenomenology of the Spirit]. Saint Peterburg, Nauka Publ., 1999, 449 p. (in Russian). 9. Hegel, G. V. F. E`stetika. V 4 tomach. Tom 1 [Aesthetics. In 4 volumes. Vol. 1] Moskow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1968, 312 p. (in Russian). 10. Hoelderlin, F. Giperion. Stixi. Pis`ma. Syuzetta Gontar. Pis`ma Diotimy [Hyperion. Poems. Letters. Suzette Gontar. Letters of Diotima]. Moskow, Nauka Publ., 1988, 720 p. (in Russian). 11. Gerder, I. G. Izbranny`e sochineniya [Selected Works]. Leningrad: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1959, 393 p. 12. Gryakalov, A. A (2004). Pis’mo o sobytie. Ehsteticheskaya topografiya sovremennosti [A letter about an event. The aesthetic topography of modernity]. Saint Peterburg, Nauka Publ., 488 p. (in Russian). 13. Zhirmunskij, V. M. Nemeczkij romantizm i sovremennaya mistika [German Romanticism and Modern Mysticism]. Saint Peterburg, Aksioma Publ., Novator Publ., 1996, XL + 232 p. (in Russian). 14. Ivanenko, A. A. Stixotvorenie G. V. F. Gegelya “E`levsin” [Hegel’s Poem “Eleusis”]. In: Vestnik Russkoj xristianskoj gumanitarnoj akademii, 2025, vol. 26, no. 1, pр. 40–45. DOI 10.25991/VRHGA.2025.26.1.003 (in Russian). 15. Kant, I. Kritika sposobnosti suzhdeniya [Criticism of the faculty of judgment]. Saint Peterburg, Nauka Publ., 2005, 512 p. (in Russian). 16. Karel`skij, A. V. Metamorfozy` Orfeya. Besedy` po istorii zapadny`x literatur. Vy`p. 3. Nemeczkij Orfej [The Metamorphoses of Orpheus. Conversations on the history of Western literature. Issue. 3. German Orpheus]. Moskow, Russian State Humanities. Univ., 2007, 608 p. (in Russian). 17. Cassirer, E. Sila metafory [The Power of Metaphor]. In: Teoria metafory: sbornik [The theory of metaphor: a collection]. Moskow, Progress Publ., 1990, pр. 33–43 (in Russian). 18. Nitzsche, F. Rozhdenie tragedii iz dukha muzyki. Ehllinstvo i pessimism [The birth of tragedy from the spirit of music. Hellenism and pessimism]. In: Nitzsche, F. Sochineniya v 2 tomach. Тom 2 [Works in 2 volumes. Vol. 2]. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ., 1990, 829 p. (in Russian). 19. Novalis. Fragmenty` [Fragments]. Saint Peterburg, Vladimir Dal Publ., 2014, 320 p. (in Russian). 20. Plato. Sotshinenia v 4 tomach. Тom 2 [Works in four volumes. Vol. 2]. Saint Peterburg, SPbGU Publ., 2007, 626 p. (in Russian). 21. Heidegger, M. O poetach i poezii: Hoelderlin. Rilke. Trakl [About poets and poetry: Hoelderlin. Rilke. Trakl]. Moskow, Vodolej Publ., 2017, 212 p. (in Russian). 22. Shelling, F. V. J. Filosofiya iskusstva [Philosophy of Art]. Moskow, My`sl` Publ., 1999, 608 p. (in Russian). 23. E`stetika nemeczkix romantikov [The Aesthetics of the German Romantics]. Moskow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1986, 736 p. (in Russian). 24. Heidegger, M. Gesamtausgabe. Bd. 4. Frankfurt am Mein: Vittorio Klosterman, 1981. 209 p.